The correct option is based on the greenhouse effect, where carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface. When sunlight reaches the Earth, it is partially absorbed and re-emitted as infrared radiation. CO2 absorbs this radiation, preventing it from escaping into space, thus contributing to the warming of the atmosphere and altering climate patterns. This concept is fundamental in understanding climate change, which is crucial for environmental science and UPSC examinations.