The statements 1, 2, and 4 involve optical illusions due to atmospheric effects. At dusk and dawn, the sun appears larger and more colorful because of the scattering of sunlight through a thicker layer of the atmosphere, which alters its apparent size and color. Similarly, stars appear to twinkle because their light is distorted by atmospheric turbulence, causing variations in brightness. In contrast, statements 3 and 5 relate to the visibility of celestial bodies rather than to optical illusions—moon visibility is a matter of position in the sky, and the Polestar, while fixed, does not exhibit optical distortion.