The correct option is both 1 and 2 because brominated flame retardants (BFRs) exhibit persistence in the environment due to their chemical stability, which can lead to long-term ecological contamination. Additionally, their lipophilic nature allows them to bioaccumulate in the tissues of humans and animals, potentially leading to adverse health effects, including endocrine disruption and developmental issues. Understanding these concerns aligns with the UPSC focus on environmental science and public health, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and regulatory measures in managing hazardous substances.