The Swadeshi Movement, which gained momentum in response to the partition of Bengal in 1905, highlighted the ideological rift within the Indian National Congress between the Moderates and Extremists. Moderates, led by leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, advocated for gradual reform through constitutional means and cooperation with the British, while Extremists, represented by figures such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, called for direct action and boycotts of British goods. This fundamental divergence in strategies regarding self-governance and political resistance crystallized during the Swadeshi Movement, ultimately leading to a formal split in the Congress in 1907.