The correct option is 2 only because the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were officially established in 2015 during the United Nations Summit, with a target year of 2030 for their achievement. Statement 1 is incorrect, as the concept of sustainable development was indeed discussed in the 1972 report by the Club of Rome, but the specific framework of the SDGs was developed much later, based on earlier efforts like the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that concluded in 2015. In a UPSC context, understanding the historical evolution of global development agendas is crucial, as it highlights the international community's ongoing efforts to address complex socio-economic challenges.