- Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams
- Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
- Subterranean deep saline formations
Explanation
The correct option is 1, 2, and 3 because all three sites possess geological characteristics suitable for carbon sequestration, a process critical for mitigating anthropogenic global warming. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams can adsorb carbon dioxide, while depleted oil and gas reservoirs have historically contained hydrocarbons under impermeable rock cap formations, making them capable of securely storing CO2. Additionally, subterranean deep saline formations, which consist of porous rock filled with brine, offer vast capacity for CO2 storage, functioning both safely and effectively due to their natural sealing properties. These strategies are essential components of climate change mitigation efforts outlined in significant environmental frameworks and resources, aligning with global initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
