The concept of 'extended producer responsibility' (EPR) was introduced in the e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 in India to hold producers accountable for the entire lifecycle of their products, particularly in terms of waste management. This framework ensures that manufacturers take responsibility for the collection, recycling, and safe disposal of electronic waste, thereby promoting sustainability and reducing environmental impact. By mandating producers to create systems for e-waste recovery, EPR aims to minimize the burden on municipal waste management systems and encourage environmentally friendly practices in production and consumption.