- Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of
- Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and
Explanation
The correct answer is "Neither 1 nor 2" because both statements regarding the distinctions between Jagirdars and Zamindars contain inaccuracies. Firstly, while Jagirdars often held land assignments that came with certain administrative and military responsibilities, Zamindars, who were primarily revenue collectors, could also perform various local administrative functions; thus, the obligations were sometimes overlapping. Secondly, both Jagirdari and Zamindari systems primarily tended towards hereditary rights, but this was not uniformly the case since the Mughal authorities could grant or revoke these rights based on administrative needs. Therefore, both points fail to accurately differentiate the two concepts as understood in Mughal governance.
