The decline of indigo cultivation in India by the early 20th century can be attributed to the advent of synthetic dyes and advancements in textile technology, which rendered natural indigo less competitive in the global market. This shift not only made synthetic dyes more affordable and accessible but also diminished the demand for traditional indigo, leading to economic losses for Indian farmers who relied heavily on this crop. Consequently, the cultivation of indigo became unprofitable, prompting a decline in its production and highlighting the impact of technological progress on traditional agricultural practices.