The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 was a significant agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the British Viceroy of India, aimed at resolving tensions arising from the Civil Disobedience Movement. The pact included the invitation to the Indian National Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference (1), the withdrawal of ordinances related to the movement (2), and the release of political prisoners who had not engaged in violent acts (4), which reflects a compromise by the British. However, it did not include acceptance for an enquiry into police excesses (3). This distinction is crucial for understanding Gandhi’s approach towards non-violence and negotiation in the broader Indian independence struggle, emphasizing the complexities of political negotiations during colonial rule, which is a key thematic area in UPSC examinations.