Environment & Ecology2021
The vegetation of savannah consists of grassland with scattered small trees, but extensive areas have no trees. The forest development in such areas is generally kept in check by one or more or a combination of some conditions. Which of the following are such conditions? 1. Burrowing animals and termites 2. Fire 3. Grazing herbivores 4. Seasonal rainfall 5. Soil properties Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Explanation
The correct option is 2, 3, and 4, as these conditions play a significant role in maintaining savannah ecosystems. Fire (2) acts as a natural management tool that suppresses tree growth, thereby promoting grassland dominance. Grazing herbivores (3) contribute by feeding on young saplings and preventing tree establishment. Seasonal rainfall (4) influences the availability of moisture, leading to periods of drought that can limit tree growth, ensuring the vegetation remains predominantly grassy. Together, these factors create an environment that supports the unique biodiversity of savannahs, as outlined in ecological studies and sources like NCERT.