The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) was established under the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986 to regulate and manage groundwater resources in India, in recognition of the growing concerns regarding groundwater depletion and pollution. The authority plays a critical role in implementing measures for the sustainable use of groundwater and protecting it from over-exploitation, which aligns with the Act’s aim of providing a framework for environmental protection. This underscores the interplay between environmental governance and resource management, a concept often explored in UPSC preparation materials.