- It is the Governor of the State who recognizes and declares any community of that State as a Scheduled Tribe.
- A community declared as a Scheduled Tribe in a State need not be so in another State.
Explanation
The correct option is "2 only" because the declaration of a community as a Scheduled Tribe is indeed specific to the state in which it is recognized, reflecting local demographics and cultural contexts. Therefore, a community recognized as a Scheduled Tribe in one state may not share the same status in another state due to variations in socio-economic conditions and historical backgrounds. However, the first statement is incorrect because it is the President of India, not the Governor, who has the authority to specify scheduled tribes through a notification, following recommendations from the respective state governments. This distinction highlights the constitutional framework governing tribal recognition in India, which is critical for understanding polity and governance, particularly in the context of socio-economic rights and affirmative action.
