The correct option, stating that all three pairs are correctly matched, is grounded in the structure and philosophy of the Indian Constitution.

1. The Separation of Judiciary from the Executive is a directive principle (Article 50) aimed at ensuring an independent judicial spirit, reflecting the importance of this separation for democracy.

2. The valuation and preservation of the rich heritage pertains to the Fundamental Duties (Article 51A), which emphasize the moral responsibilities of citizens to promote a harmonious culture and protect heritage.

3. The prohibition of child labor (Article 24) as a fundamental right underscores the commitment to social justice and individual rights, ensuring every child’s right to a safe upbringing free from exploitation.

Understanding these relationships is essential for UPSC, as they demonstrate the interplay between rights, duties, and principles laid out in the Constitution, which is foundational for governance, citizen engagement, and ethical responsibility in India.