In the context of electric vehicle batteries, specifically lithium-ion batteries, the cathodes are typically composed of lithium combined with transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, and sometimes manganese. While graphite is commonly used as an anode material, it does not form part of the cathode. Thus, cobalt, lithium, and nickel make up the cathode materials, supporting the assertion that only three of the elements listed are used in battery cathodes. This understanding is essential for comprehension of advancements in battery technology, particularly in terms of resource sourcing and the impact on sustainable energy solutions, as discussed in UPSC-level environmental and technological contexts.