- Modern technological innovations including Artificial Intelligence, robotics and space exploration extensively utilise Rare Earth Elements (REEs).
- China has the highest share in mining of REEs followed by India.
- The Government of India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to establish a robust framework for self-reliance in the critical mineral sector.
- Rare Earth Elements are a set of 13 metallic elements.
Explanation
The correct option is "1 and 3 only." Statement 1 is correct as modern technological innovations, particularly in sectors like artificial intelligence, robotics, and space exploration, rely significantly on Rare Earth Elements (REEs), which are crucial for manufacturing high-tech components. Statement 3 is also accurate, as the Government of India indeed launched the National Critical Minerals Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to enhance self-reliance in critical minerals. However, statement 2 is incorrect because China is the dominant player in REE mining, with the USA and Australia as significant contributors, while India does not follow closely. Statement 4 is misleading; although REEs are often grouped under 15 elements (including lanthanides), the common reference often conflates them to just 13, leading to confusion about their definition.
