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Environment & Ecology2026
Which of the following statements about Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Critical Minerals is/are correct?
  1. Modern technological innovations including Artificial Intelligence, robotics and space exploration extensively utilise Rare Earth Elements (REEs).
  2. China has the highest share in mining of REEs followed by India.
  3. The Government of India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to establish a robust framework for self-reliance in the critical mineral sector.
  4. Rare Earth Elements are a set of 13 metallic elements.
Select the answer using the code given below:

Explanation

The correct option is "1 and 3 only." Statement 1 is correct as modern technological innovations, particularly in sectors like artificial intelligence, robotics, and space exploration, rely significantly on Rare Earth Elements (REEs), which are crucial for manufacturing high-tech components. Statement 3 is also accurate, as the Government of India indeed launched the National Critical Minerals Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to enhance self-reliance in critical minerals. However, statement 2 is incorrect because China is the dominant player in REE mining, with the USA and Australia as significant contributors, while India does not follow closely. Statement 4 is misleading; although REEs are often grouped under 15 elements (including lanthanides), the common reference often conflates them to just 13, leading to confusion about their definition.

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