History2026
Among the four main forms of existence of life recognized in Jainism, which one of the following is not included?
Explanation
In Jainism, the four main forms of existence are classified into four categories: heavenly beings (devas), humans, animals, and hellish beings (narakas). Yakshas, often considered semi-divine spirits or celestial beings in Hinduism and Jainism, do not represent a standalone category of existence in Jain cosmology. Their omission from the primary classifications highlights Jainism's focus on the cycles of birth and rebirth (samsara) within the established four forms, underscoring the philosophical distinction between different spiritual entities and their paths toward liberation (moksha). This understanding is crucial for UPSC Prelims candidates as it emphasizes Jain beliefs on the nature of existence and the pursuit of spiritual freedom.
