The steel industry in India is a significant source of air pollution due to the release of various harmful pollutants during the manufacturing process. Oxides of sulfur (SOx), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are by-products of combustion processes and chemical reactions involved in steel production. These pollutants can contribute to respiratory health issues, acid rain, and climate change, hence their classification as important environmental pollutants in the context of sustainable industrial practices and regulatory frameworks, aligning with UPSC’s emphasis on environmental science and policy.