Acid rain primarily results from the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in the atmosphere. When these gases are released into the environment, they undergo chemical reactions with water vapor, oxygen, and other substances to form nitric acid (HNO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), which fall to the ground as acid rain. This phenomenon significantly impacts ecosystems, soil, and water bodies, leading to environmental degradation, which is why the correct options highlighting the causes of acid rain are nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide.