The power to increase the number of judges in the Supreme Court of India is vested in the Parliament as per Article 124(1) of the Constitution, which states that the Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and such other judges as determined by Parliament. This reflects the principle of separation of powers, where the legislature (Parliament) has the authority to regulate the composition and structure of the judiciary, while also ensuring that judicial appointments and numbers align with the evolving needs of the justice system. Such mechanisms highlight the dynamic interplay between different branches of government as envisioned by the Constitution, ensuring a balanced governance framework.