The Rio+20 Conference, formally known as the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, was held in 2012 to mark the 20th anniversary of the original Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It aimed to address critical global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and sustainable development, reinforcing the concept of integrating environmental, social, and economic policies for holistic global progress. This conference was significant in shaping international policies and frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thereby influencing global governance on sustainability, which is a key area of focus in UPSC GS Paper I.