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History2016
With reference to the cultural history of medieval India, consider the following statements:
  1. Siddhas (Sittars) of the Tamil region were monotheistic
  2. Lingayats of the Kannada region questioned the theory
of rebirth and rejected the caste hierarchy. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation

Both statements are correct in the context of the cultural history of medieval India. The Siddhas or Sittars of the Tamil region emphasized monotheism, seeking a direct connection with the divine and promoting a more personal and mystic approach to spirituality, thus rejecting idolatry. Similarly, the Lingayats of the Kannada region, founded by Basava in the 12th century, questioned orthodox beliefs, including the cycle of rebirth, and actively opposed caste distinctions, promoting equality and accessibility to spiritual practice. These movements reflect broader trends of reform and spiritual inquiry in medieval Indian society, challenging established religious and social norms.

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