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Science & Technology2019
Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?
  1. Genetic predisposition of some people
  2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases
  3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming
  4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people
Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation

The correct reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India include "Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases" and "Using antibiotics in livestock farming." These practices contribute significantly to the development of resistance as improper usage can lead to suboptimal drug concentrations that promote the survival of resistant bacteria. Additionally, the widespread use of antibiotics in livestock not only increases the selection pressure for resistant strains but also facilitates the transfer of resistance genes between animal and human pathogens, thereby exacerbating the public health crisis of antimicrobial resistance.

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