Polity & Governance2025
Consider the following subjects under the Constitution of India: I. List I-Union List, in the Seventh Schedule II. Extent of the executive power of a State III. Conditions of the Governor's office For a constitutional amendment with respect to which of the above, ratification by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States is required before presenting the bill to the President of India for assent?
Explanation
The correct option is "I and II only" because amendments concerning subjects in the Union List (Item I) and the extent of the executive power of a State (Item II) require ratification by at least half of the State Legislatures before being presented to the President for assent, as stipulated in Article 368 of the Constitution of India. However, amendments related to the conditions of the Governor's office (Item III) do not require such ratification, as they fall within the purview of parliamentary legislation. This distinction highlights the balance of power and cooperative federalism intended in India's constitutional framework, reflecting the significance of both state and union governance.