The option "1 and 2 only" is correct because both bacteria and fungi are cellular organisms that can grow and reproduce in controlled artificial environments, such as nutrient broths or solid agar media. In contrast, viruses are acellular and require living host cells to replicate, making them incapable of being cultured independently in artificial media. This distinction is crucial in microbiology and public health, as it helps in understanding the methods of studying microorganisms and developing treatments for infections caused by these pathogens.